Austin MA, Wills KE, Blizzard L, Walters EH, Wood-Baker R Effect of high flow oxygen on mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in prehospital setting: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2010 Oct 18;341:c5462. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5462.
Baker DW, Persell SD Criteria for waiver of informed consent for quality improvement research. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Jan;175(1):142-3. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6977. No abstract available.
Ball JA, Keenan S Prolonged Field Care Working Group Position Paper: Prolonged Field Care Capabilities. J Spec Oper Med. 2015 Fall;15(3):76-77. doi: 10.55460/B3NN-SY8Y. No abstract available.
Campbell MK, Fayers PM, Grimshaw JM Determinants of the intracluster correlation coefficient in cluster randomized trials: the case of implementation research. Clin Trials. 2005;2(2):99-107. doi: 10.1191/1740774505cn071oa.
de Graaff AE, Dongelmans DA, Binnekade JM, de Jonge E Clinicians' response to hyperoxia in ventilated patients in a Dutch ICU depends on the level of FiO2. Intensive Care Med. 2011 Jan;37(1):46-51. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-2025-z. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
Eastwood GM, Peck L, Young H, Suzuki S, Garcia M, Bellomo R Intensive care clinicians' opinion of conservative oxygen therapy (SpO(2) 90-92%) for mechanically ventilated patients. Aust Crit Care. 2014 Aug;27(3):120-5. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
Gangidine MM, Blakeman TC, Branson RD, Johannigman JA System Design Verification for Closed Loop Control of Oxygenation With Concentrator Integration. Mil Med. 2016 May;181(5 Suppl):177-83. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00150.
Hafner S, Beloncle F, Koch A, Radermacher P, Asfar P Hyperoxia in intensive care, emergency, and peri-operative medicine: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? A 2015 update. Ann Intensive Care. 2015 Dec;5(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s13613-015-0084-6. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
Helmerhorst HJ, Roos-Blom MJ, van Westerloo DJ, de Jonge E Association Between Arterial Hyperoxia and Outcome in Subsets of Critical Illness: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Cohort Studies. Crit Care Med. 2015 Jul;43(7):1508-19. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000998.
Iscoe S, Beasley R, Fisher JA Supplementary oxygen for nonhypoxemic patients: O2 much of a good thing? Crit Care. 2011;15(3):305. doi: 10.1186/cc10229. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
Kallet RH, Branson RD Should Oxygen Therapy Be Tightly Regulated to Minimize Hyperoxia in Critically Ill Patients? Respir Care. 2016 Jun;61(6):801-17. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04933.
Leverve XM To cope with oxygen: a long and still tumultuous story for life. Crit Care Med. 2008 Feb;36(2):637-8. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0B013E31816296AD. No abstract available.
Mohr CJ, Keenan S Prolonged Field Care Working Group Position Paper: Operational Context for Prolonged Field Care. J Spec Oper Med. 2015 Fall;15(3):78-80. doi: 10.55460/1T85-6NB9. No abstract available.
Pannu SR Too Much Oxygen: Hyperoxia and Oxygen Management in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Feb;37(1):16-22. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570359. Epub 2016 Jan 28.
Panwar R, Young P, Capellier G Conservative oxygen therapy in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med. 2014 Sep;42(9):e630-1. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000439. No abstract available.
Rachmale S, Li G, Wilson G, Malinchoc M, Gajic O Practice of excessive F(IO(2)) and effect on pulmonary outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury. Respir Care. 2012 Nov;57(11):1887-93. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01696. Epub 2012 May 15.
Stockinger ZT, Mcswain NE Jr Prehospital supplemental oxygen in trauma patients: its efficacy and implications for military medical care. Mil Med. 2004 Aug;169(8):609-12. doi: 10.7205/milmed.169.8.609.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.