Critical Illness — A Trial of Enteral Colostrum on Intestinal Permeability in Critically Ill Patients
Citation(s)
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Kim JW, Jeon WK, Kim EJ Combined effects of bovine colostrum and glutamine in diclofenac-induced bacterial translocation in rat. Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;24(5):785-93.
Rathe M, Müller K, Sangild PT, Husby S Clinical applications of bovine colostrum therapy: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2014 Apr;72(4):237-54. doi: 10.1111/nure.12089. Epub 2014 Feb 26. Review.
Yoon JY, Park SJ, Cheon JH Effect of Colostrum on the Symptoms and Mucosal Permeability in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Study. Intest Res. 2014 Jan;12(1):80-2. doi: 10.5217/ir.2014.12.1.80. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
Effects of Colostrum Supplement on Intestinal Permeability in Hospitalized Patients With Enteral Feeding in Intensive Care Unit
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
