NCT01323816 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Cooper LM, Linde-Zwirble WT
Medicare intensive care unit use: analysis of incidence, cost, and payment. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11):2247-53.
Halpern NA, Pastores SM, Greenstein RJ
Critical care medicine in the United States 1985-2000: an analysis of bed numbers, use, and costs. Crit Care Med. 2004 Jun;32(6):1254-9.
Kleinpell RM, Ely EW, Grabenkort R
Nurse practitioners and physician assistants in the intensive care unit: an evidence-based review. Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct;36(10):2888-97. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318186ba8c. Review.
Mitchell-DiCenso A, Guyatt G, Marrin M, Goeree R, Willan A, Southwell D, Hewson S, Paes B, Rosenbaum P, Hunsberger M, Baumann A
A controlled trial of nurse practitioners in neonatal intensive care. Pediatrics. 1996 Dec;98(6 Pt 1):1143-8.
Pronovost PJ, Angus DC, Dorman T, Robinson KA, Dremsizov TT, Young TL
Physician staffing patterns and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review. JAMA. 2002 Nov 6;288(17):2151-62. Review.
Treggiari MM, Martin DP, Yanez ND, Caldwell E, Hudson LD, Rubenfeld GD
Effect of intensive care unit organizational model and structure on outcomes in patients with acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Oct 1;176(7):685-90. Epub 2007 Jun 7.

Process and Outcome Differences in Care Provided in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) With Physician Versus Nurse Practitioner First Responders

Clinical trial NCT01323816 - References