Covid-19 — Change in Antibody Levels Following SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Vaccinations
Citation(s)
14 Muecksch F, et al. Longitudinal analysis of clinical serology assay performance and neutralising antibody levels in COVID19 convalescents. medRxiv. 2020.08.05.20169128. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20169128
15 Ripperger TJ, et al. Detection, prevalence, and duration of humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 under conditions of limited population exposure. medRxiv. 2020.08.14.20174490; DOI: https://doi. org/10.1101/2020.08.14.20174490
16 Grandjean L, et al. Humoral response dynamics following infection with SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv. 2020.07.16.20155663; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155663
21 Poland GA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 immunity: review and applications to phase 3 vaccine candidates. Published online October 13, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32137-1
28 Keech C, et al. Phase 1-2 trial of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2026920 29. 49. Zhang, Y.J. et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: report of the randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial. medRxiv. 2020.07.31.20161216; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.31.20161216
36 Bubar, K.M. et al. Model-informed COVID-19 vaccine prioritization strategies by age and serostatus. medRxiv 2020.09.08.20190629; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.08.20190629
Serology Testing (Antibody Levels) With Time Following SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Vaccinations in Residents of Nursing, Extended Care, and Over-55 Communities
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.