COVID-19 — Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Coronavirus 19 Disease ( COVID 19) Patients
Citation(s)
Ameri H, Yousefi M, Yaseri M, Nahvijou A, Arab M, Akbari Sari A Mapping the cancer-specific QLQ-C30 onto the generic EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D in colorectal cancer patients. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2019 Feb;19(1):89-96. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2018.1517046. Epub 2018 Sep 3.
Cardinali DP, Brown GM, Reiter RJ, Pandi-Perumal SR Elderly as a High-risk Group during COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Circadian Misalignment, Sleep Dysregulation and Melatonin Administration. Sleep Vigil. 2020;4(2):81-87. doi: 10.1007/s41782-020-00111-7. Epub 2020 Sep 26. Review.
Shrivastava D Unprecedented Events do not Always Call for Unprecedented Actions. Sleep Vigil. 2020 May 25:1-2. doi: 10.1007/s41782-020-00088-3. [Epub ahead of print]
Sullivan CE Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea as risk factors in SARS-Cov-2: can nasal CPAP during sleep reduce pneumonia risk? Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2021;19(1):109-110. doi: 10.1007/s41105-020-00295-5. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 6;17(5). pii: E1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
