Riad A, Gad A, Hockova B, Klugar M Oral Candidiasis in Non-Severe COVID-19 Patients: Call for Antibiotic Stewardship. Oral Surg. 2020 Sep 21. doi: 10.1111/ors.12561. [Epub ahead of print]
Riad A, Kassem I, Badrah M, Klugar M Acute parotitis as a presentation of COVID-19? Oral Dis. 2020 Jul 25. doi: 10.1111/odi.13571. [Epub ahead of print]
Riad A, Kassem I, Badrah M, Klugar M COVID-19 transient snoring (CVTS): Clinical and laboratory description. J Med Virol. 2021 Apr;93(4):1890-1892. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26705. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Riad A, Kassem I, Badrah M, Klugar M The manifestation of oral mucositis in COVID-19 patients: A case-series. Dermatol Ther. 2020 Nov;33(6):e14479. doi: 10.1111/dth.14479. Epub 2020 Nov 8.
Riad A, Kassem I, Issa J, Badrah M, Klugar M Angular cheilitis of COVID-19 patients: A case-series and literature review. Oral Dis. 2020 Oct 11. doi: 10.1111/odi.13675. [Epub ahead of print]
Riad A, Klugar M, Krsek M COVID-19-Related Oral Manifestations: Early Disease Features? Oral Dis. 2020 Jun 30. doi: 10.1111/odi.13516. [Epub ahead of print]
Oral Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
