Covid19 — Physical Activity and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Mortality
Citation(s)
Cucinotta D, Vanelli M WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020 Mar 19;91(1):157-160. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.
Hamer M, Kivimaki M, Gale CR, Batty GD Lifestyle risk factors, inflammatory mechanisms, and COVID-19 hospitalization: A community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:184-187. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.059. Epub 202
Kim DW, Byeon KH, Kim J, Cho KD, Lee N The Correlation of Comorbidities on the Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: an Observational Study Based on the Korean National Health Insurance Big Data. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Jul 6;35(26):e243. doi: 10.3346/jkms
Phelan AL, Katz R, Gostin LO The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China: Challenges for Global Health Governance. JAMA. 2020 Feb 25;323(8):709-710. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1097. No abstract available.
Physical Activity and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Mortality
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
