Cho HH, Lee HY, Kim E, Lee G, Kim J, Kwon J, Park H Radiomics-guided deep neural networks stratify lung adenocarcinoma prognosis from CT scans. Commun Biol. 2021 Nov 12;4(1):1286. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02814-7.
Goeller M, Achenbach S, Herrmann N, Bittner DO, Kilian T, Dey D, Raaz-Schrauder D, Marwan M Pericoronary adipose tissue CT attenuation and its association with serum levels of atherosclerosis-relevant inflammatory mediators, coronary calcification and major adverse cardiac events. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021 Sep-Oct;15(5):449-454. doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.03.005. Epub 2021 Apr 3.
Riley RD, Snell KI, Ensor J, Burke DL, Harrell FE Jr, Moons KG, Collins GS Minimum sample size for developing a multivariable prediction model: PART II - binary and time-to-event outcomes. Stat Med. 2019 Mar 30;38(7):1276-1296. doi: 10.1002/sim.7992. Epub 2018 Oct 24. Erratum In: Stat Med. 2019 Dec 30;38(30):5672.
Saito T, Rehmsmeier M The precision-recall plot is more informative than the ROC plot when evaluating binary classifiers on imbalanced datasets. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 4;10(3):e0118432. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118432. eCollection 2015.
Varma S, Simon R Bias in error estimation when using cross-validation for model selection. BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Feb 23;7:91. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-91.
Vickers AJ, Elkin EB Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models. Med Decis Making. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6):565-74. doi: 10.1177/0272989X06295361.
Peri-luminal COROnary CTa AI-driven radiOMICS to Identify Vulnerable Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
