Baman TS, Cole JH, Devireddy CM, Sperling LS Risk factors and outcomes in patients with coronary artery aneurysms. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 15;93(12):1549-51. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.03.011.
Erden I, Erden EC, Ozhan H, Karabulut A, Ordu S, Yazici M Outcome of primary percutaneous intervention in patients with infarct-related coronary artery ectasia. Angiology. 2010 Aug;61(6):574-9. doi: 10.1177/0003319709361197. Epub 2010 Apr 14.
Malviya A, Jha PK, Mishra A Isolated coronary artery ectasia: Clinical, angiographic, and follow up characteristics. Indian Heart J. 2017 Sep-Oct;69(5):619-623. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.12.017. Epub 2017 Jan 22.
Manginas A, Cokkinos DV Coronary artery ectasias: imaging, functional assessment and clinical implications. Eur Heart J. 2006 May;27(9):1026-31. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi725. Epub 2006 Jan 16.
Vasu N, Narayanan S, Ajit MS Clinical outcome of various management strategies in coronary artery ectasia. Indian Heart J. 2017 May-Jun;69(3):319-321. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.04.013. Epub 2017 May 4. No abstract available.
Willner NA, Ehrenberg S, Musallam A, Roguin A Coronary artery ectasia: prevalence, angiographic characteristics and clinical outcome. Open Heart. 2020 Apr;7(1):e001096. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001096.
Turkish Isolated Coronary Ectasia Prospective Cohort Study: the T-ICE Registry
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.