Barry J Sessle ,LimorAvivi-Arber, and Gregory M. Murray. Motor Control of Masticatory Muscles. Craniofacial Muscles: A New Framework for Understanding the Effector Side of Craniofacial Muscle Control. L.K. McLoon and F.H. Andrade (eds.) Toronto. 2013.
HUMPHREY T The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve in human embryos between 7 1/2 and 8 1/2 weeks of menstrual age and its relation to early fetal behavior. J Comp Neurol. 1952 May;97(1):143-209. doi: 10.1002/cne.900970109. No abstract available.
Raine S, Meadows L, Lynch-Ellerington M Bobath Concept: Theory and Clinical Practice in Neurological Rehabilitation. Wiley-Blackwell. 2009. 4- Bernstein, N. The Coordination and Regulation of Movement. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Bishop, B. 1967.
Sung PS Disability and back muscle fatigability changes following two therapeutic exercise interventions in participants with recurrent low back pain. Med Sci Monit. 2013 Jan 14;19:40-8. doi: 10.12659/msm.883735.
Tsao H, Druitt TR, Schollum TM, Hodges PW Motor training of the lumbar paraspinal muscles induces immediate changes in motor coordination in patients with recurrent low back pain. J Pain. 2010 Nov;11(11):1120-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.004.
Voss DE, Ionta MK, Myers BJ Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation. Patterns and Techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Harper & Row Publishers. 1985.
Zafar H, Eriksson PO, Nordh E, Haggman-Henrikson B Wireless optoelectronic recordings of mandibular and associated head-neck movements in man: a methodological study. J Oral Rehabil. 2000 Mar;27(3):227-38. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00505.x.
Zafar H, Nordh E, Eriksson PO Temporal coordination between mandibular and head-neck movements during jaw opening-closing tasks in man. Arch Oral Biol. 2000 Aug;45(8):675-82. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00032-7.
The Effects of Lumbar Stabilization Exercises With and Without Jaw Movements in Non-specific Low Back Pain.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
