Cord Clamping — Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping in Preterm Neonates
Citation(s)
Alzaree F, Elbohoty A, Abdellatif M Early Versus Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping on Physiologic Anemia of the Term Newborn Infant. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018 Aug 15;6(8):1399-1404. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.286. eCollection 2018 Aug 20.
Chiruvolu A, Mallett LH, Govande VP, Raju VN, Hammonds K, Katheria AC Variations in umbilical cord clamping practices in the United States: a national survey of neonatologists. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Oct;35(19):3646-3652. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1836150. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Deindl P, Diemert A From structural modalities in perinatal medicine to the frequency of preterm birth. Semin Immunopathol. 2020 Aug;42(4):377-383. doi: 10.1007/s00281-020-00805-0. Epub 2020 Aug 25.
Kc A, Rana N, Malqvist M, Jarawka Ranneberg L, Subedi K, Andersson O Effects of Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping vs Early Clamping on Anemia in Infants at 8 and 12 Months: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Mar 1;171(3):264-270. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3971.
Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
