Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — Epidemiology and Pulmonary Response To Organic Dust Exposure
Citation(s)
Dement JM, Merchant JA: Chapter III C: Asbestosis, in Occupational Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1986
Merchant JA, Hodous T, Taylor G, Reger R: Chapter III D: Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis, in Occupational Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1986
Merchant JA Agricultural exposures to organic dusts. Occup Med. 1987 Apr-Jun;2(2):409-25.
Merchant JA New dimensions in occupational medicine. Iowa Med. 1987 Apr;77(4):177-9.
Merchant JA Preparing for disaster. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3):233-5.
Merchant JA: Chapter VI Byssinosis, in Occupational Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1986
Merchant JA: Silicosis Issues - Past, Present, Future Published in Book: Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer: Controversy in Occupational Medicine, 1986, Goldsmith DF, Winn DM, Shy CM (Eds), Praeger Special Studies, Praeger Scientific, pp 87-90, New York, 1986
Twiggs JT, Gray RL, Marx JJ Jr House dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) allergen levels in three different sources from homes of patients with allergy to house dust mite. Clin Rev Allergy. 1988 Spring;6(1):35-43.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.