Brashier BB, Kodgule R Risk factors and pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). J Assoc Physicians India. 2012 Feb;60 Suppl:17-21. No abstract available.
Gulati M, Singh K, Yadav H, Kumar S, Verma A An Immediate Effect of Conventional Physiotherapy versus ACBT with Autogenic Drainage on Dyspnoea and Cough in Patient with COPD-A Randomized Control Trial.
Halbert RJ, Isonaka S, George D, Iqbal A Interpreting COPD prevalence estimates: what is the true burden of disease? Chest. 2003 May;123(5):1684-92. doi: 10.1378/chest.123.5.1684.
Hichkad S, Ganesh B Effect of blow bottle device and flutter on functional capacity, dyspnea, fatigue, and peak expiratory flow rate in mild-to-moderate COPD patients: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Respiratory Care. 2021;10(3):294.
Kamal R, Srivastava AK, Kesavachandran CN, Bihari V, Singh A Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women due to indoor biomass burning: a meta analysis. Int J Environ Health Res. 2022 Jun;32(6):1403-1417. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1887460. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Katke S, Anthikat M Comparative Study of Flutter Device and Active Cycle of Breathing Technique in Airway Clearance in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Website: www ijpot com. 2020;14(3):232.
Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y [Design and application of a pulmonary function exercise bottle]. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2019 Feb;31(2):236-237. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2019.02.023. Chinese.
Mansha H, Rashid S, Khalid MU, Khan RR, Hassan M, Khalid H Effects of Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques on quality of life in patients with Chronic Bronchitis. Foundation University Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences. 2022;2(2):40-5.
Medrinal C, Bonnevie T [Physiotherapy during and after acute exacerbation of COPD]. Rev Mal Respir. 2022 Apr;39(4):386-397. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.02.056. Epub 2022 Feb 24. French.
Pakpahan R, Tarigan AP The Effect of the Combination of Chest Physiotherapy and Active Cycle Breathing Technique on Respiratory Rate and Ability to Expend Sputum in Chronic Exacerbation Obstructive Lung Disease Patients at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 2021;8(3):616-23.
Petty TL The history of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2006;1(1):3-14. doi: 10.2147/copd.2006.1.1.3.
Shen M, Li Y, Ding X, Xu L, Li F, Lin H Effect of active cycle of breathing techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of intervention. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Oct;56(5):625-632. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06144-4. Epub 2020 May 13.
Zisi D, Chryssanthopoulos C, Nanas S, Philippou A The effectiveness of the active cycle of breathing technique in patients with chronic respiratory diseases: A systematic review. Heart Lung. 2022 May-Jun;53:89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Feb 27.
Zuriati Z, Surya M Effectiveness Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) with Pursed Lips Breathing Technique (PLBT) to tripod position in increase oxygen saturation in patients with COPD, West Sumatera. Enfermeria Clinica. 2020;30:164-7.
Effects of Blow Bottle Verses ACBTs Technique in Patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
