Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — Eosinopenia in Severe COPD Exacerbation
Citation(s)
Bafadhel M, Peterson S, De Blas MA, Calverley PM, Rennard SI, Richter K, Fageras M Predictors of exacerbation risk and response to budesonide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a post-hoc analysis of three randomised trials. Lancet Respir Med. 2018 Feb;6(2):117-126. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30006-7. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Echevarria C, Steer J, Prasad A, Quint JK, Bourke SC Admission blood eosinophil count, inpatient death and death at 1 year in exacerbating patients with COPD. Thorax. 2023 Nov;78(11):1090-1096. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219463. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
Prasad A, Echevarria C, Steer J, Bourke S C Blood eosinophil counts during severe exacerbations do not reflect stable state inflammatory phenotype in COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2022 60: 1870.
Steer J, Gibson J, Bourke SC The DECAF Score: predicting hospital mortality in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2012 Nov;67(11):970-6. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202103. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
Suissa S, Ernst P Precision Medicine Urgency: The Case of Inhaled Corticosteroids in COPD. Chest. 2017 Aug;152(2):227-231. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.05.020. No abstract available.
Associates of, and Time to Recovery From, Eosinopenia in Severe COPD Exacerbation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
