Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — SCOPE-Study: Salzburg Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease- Exercise and Oxygen Study
Citation(s)
Casaburi R, ZuWallack R Pulmonary rehabilitation for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1329-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMct0804632. Review.
Puhan MA, Schünemann HJ, Frey M, Scharplatz M, Bachmann LM How should COPD patients exercise during respiratory rehabilitation? Comparison of exercise modalities and intensities to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction. Thorax. 2005 May;60(5):367-75. Review.
Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T, Magnussen H Physical activity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009 Feb;33(2):262-72. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00024608. Epub 2008 Nov 14. Erratum in: Eur Respir J. 2010 Aug;36(2):462.
ZuWallack RL The roles of bronchodilators, supplemental oxygen, and ventilatory assistance in the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care. 2008 Sep;53(9):1190-5.
The Effect of Supplemental Oxygen During Physical Exercise Training on Exercise Capacity in COPD Patients.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
