Contraception — Effectiveness of a Patient Decision Aid in Immediate Postpartum Contraceptive Counseling
Citation(s)
Dehlendorf C, Levy K, Kelley A, Grumbach K, Steinauer J Women's preferences for contraceptive counseling and decision making. Contraception. 2013 Aug;88(2):250-6. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.012. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
Donnelly KZ, Foster TC, Thompson R What matters most? The content and concordance of patients' and providers' information priorities for contraceptive decision making. Contraception. 2014 Sep;90(3):280-7. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.04.012. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Finer LB, Zolna MR Shifts in intended and unintended pregnancies in the United States, 2001-2008. Am J Public Health. 2014 Feb;104 Suppl 1:S43-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301416. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
Frost JJ, Darroch JE, Remez L Improving contraceptive use in the United States. Issues Brief (Alan Guttmacher Inst). 2008;(1):1-8.
Lopez LM, Grey TW, Chen M, Hiller JE Strategies for improving postpartum contraceptive use: evidence from non-randomized studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 27;(11):CD011298. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011298.pub2. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
