Contraception — Intra Uterine Device Insertion in Nulliparous Women
Citation(s)
ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins-Gynecology ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 59, January 2005. Intrauterine device. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jan;105(1):223-32.
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Sääv I, Aronsson A, Marions L, Stephansson O, Gemzell-Danielsson K Cervical priming with sublingual misoprostol prior to insertion of an intrauterine device in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2007 Oct;22(10):2647-52. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
Tang OS, Ho PC The pharmacokinetics and different regimens of misoprostol in early first-trimester medical abortion. Contraception. 2006 Jul;74(1):26-30. Epub 2006 Apr 27. Review.
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IUD Insertion in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Misoprostol for Cervical Priming
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
