Communication — Intervention to Improve Driving Practices Among High-Risk Teen Drivers
Citation(s)
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Carney C, McGehee DV, Lee JD, Reyes ML, Raby M Using an event-triggered video intervention system to expand the supervised learning of newly licensed adolescent drivers. Am J Public Health. 2010 Jun;100(6):1101-6. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.165829. Epub 2010 Apr 15.
Farmer CM, Kirley BB, McCartt AT Effects of in-vehicle monitoring on the driving behavior of teenagers. J Safety Res. 2010 Feb;41(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Jan 29.
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Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) Fatality facts: teenagers 2013. Arlington, VA: http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/teenagers/fatalityfacts/teenagers. Accessed February 1, 2016.
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McGehee DV, Raby M, Carney C, Lee JD, Reyes ML Extending parental mentoring using an event-triggered video intervention in rural teen drivers. J Safety Res. 2007;38(2):215-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.02.009. Epub 2007 Mar 28.
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Intervention to Improve Driving Practices Among High-Risk Teen Drivers
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
