Colorectal Cancer — Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Recurrence
Citation(s)
Al Maliki H, Monahan KJ The diagnostic yield of colonoscopic surveillance following resection of early age onset colorectal cancer. United European Gastroenterol J. 2024 Jan 3. doi: 10.1002/ueg2.12516. Online ahead of print.
Chen FW, Sundaram V, Chew TA, Ladabaum U Advanced-Stage Colorectal Cancer in Persons Younger Than 50 Years Not Associated With Longer Duration of Symptoms or Time to Diagnosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 May;15(5):728-737.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.038. Epub 2016 Nov 14.
Jung G, Hernandez-Illan E, Moreira L, Balaguer F, Goel A Epigenetics of colorectal cancer: biomarker and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Feb;17(2):111-130. doi: 10.1038/s41575-019-0230-y. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
Kim SB, Lee HJ, Park SJ, Hong SP, Cheon JH, Kim WH, Kim TI Comparison of Colonoscopy Surveillance Outcomes Between Young and Older Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Cancer Prev. 2017 Sep;22(3):159-165. doi: 10.15430/JCP.2017.22.3.159. Epub 2017 Sep 30.
Kim TJ, Kim ER, Hong SN, Chang DK, Kim YH Long-Term Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in Young Patients: A Large Institutional-Based Retrospective Study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 May;95(19):e3641. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003641.
Okugawa Y, Grady WM, Goel A Epigenetic Alterations in Colorectal Cancer: Emerging Biomarkers. Gastroenterology. 2015 Oct;149(5):1204-1225.e12. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.011. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
Peacock O, Vilar E, Guraieb-Trueba M, Thirumurthi S, Chang GJ, You YN Clinically Significant Metachronous Colorectal Pathology Detected Among Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Implications for Post-Resection Surveillance Guidelines. Gastroenterology. 2022 Dec;163(6):1682-1684.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.030. Epub 2022 Aug 17. No abstract available.
Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 Jan-Feb;74(1):12-49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21820. Epub 2024 Jan 17. Erratum In: CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 Feb 16;:
Sinicrope FA Increasing Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022 Apr 21;386(16):1547-1558. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2200869. No abstract available.
You YN, Dozois EJ, Boardman LA, Aakre J, Huebner M, Larson DW Young-onset rectal cancer: presentation, pattern of care and long-term oncologic outcomes compared to a matched older-onset cohort. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 Sep;18(9):2469-76. doi: 10.1245/s10434-011-1674-7. Epub 2011 Mar 30.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.