Colorectal Cancer — Interventions to Improve Colon Cancer Screening in Poor Rural Iowa Counties
Citation(s)
Daly JM, Xu Y, Levy BT Patients whose physicians recommend colonoscopy and those who follow through. J Prim Care Community Health. 2013 Apr 1;4(2):83-94. doi: 10.1177/2150131912464887. Epub 2012 Nov 4.
Ely JW, Levy BT, Daly J, Xu Y Patient Beliefs About Colon Cancer Screening. J Cancer Educ. 2016 Mar;31(1):39-46. doi: 10.1007/s13187-015-0792-5.
Levy BT, Daly JM, Xu Y, Ely JW Mailed fecal immunochemical tests plus educational materials to improve colon cancer screening rates in Iowa Research Network (IRENE) practices. J Am Board Fam Med. 2012 Jan-Feb;25(1):73-82. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2012.01.110055.
Levy BT, Xu Y, Daly JM, Ely JW A randomized controlled trial to improve colon cancer screening in rural family medicine: an Iowa Research Network (IRENE) study. J Am Board Fam Med. 2013 Sep-Oct;26(5):486-97. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.05.130041.
Randomized Clinical Trial to Improve Colon Cancer Screening in Poor Rural Iowa Counties
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
