Colon Cancer — Impact of Patient Education Website on the Quality of Outpatient Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy
Citation(s)
Belsey J, Epstein O, Heresbach D Systematic review: oral bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Feb 15;25(4):373-84. Review.
Froehlich F, Wietlisbach V, Gonvers JJ, Burnand B, Vader JP Impact of colonic cleansing on quality and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy: the European Panel of Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy European multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Mar;61(3):378-84.
Harewood GC, Sharma VK, de Garmo P Impact of colonoscopy preparation quality on detection of suspected colonic neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Jul;58(1):76-9.
Hibbard JH, Greene J What the evidence shows about patient activation: better health outcomes and care experiences; fewer data on costs. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013 Feb;32(2):207-14. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1061. Review.
Müller AD, Sonnenberg A Protection by endoscopy against death from colorectal cancer. A case-control study among veterans. Arch Intern Med. 1995 Sep 11;155(16):1741-8.
Rex DK Dosing considerations in the use of sodium phosphate bowel preparations for colonoscopy. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Sep;41(9):1466-75. Epub 2007 Jul 24. Review.
Tan JJ, Tjandra JJ Which is the optimal bowel preparation for colonoscopy - a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2006 May;8(4):247-58. Review.
Unger RZ, Amstutz SP, Seo DH, Huffman M, Rex DK Willingness to undergo split-dose bowel preparation for colonoscopy and compliance with split-dose instructions. Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Jul;55(7):2030-4. doi: 10.1007/s10620-009-1092-x. Epub 2010 Jan 16.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
