Cognitive Impairment — Hyperspectral Retinal Observations for the Cross-sectional Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
Citation(s)
Behrens A, Berglund JS, Anderberg P CoGNIT Automated Tablet Computer Cognitive Testing in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res. 2022 Mar 11;6(3):e23589. doi: 10.2196/23589.
Behrens A, Eklund A, Elgh E, Smith C, Williams MA, Malm J A computerized neuropsychological test battery designed for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014 Sep 25;11:22. doi: 10.1186/2045-8118-11-22. eCollection 2014.
Behrens A, Elgh E, Leijon G, Kristensen B, Eklund A, Malm J The Computerized General Neuropsychological INPH Test revealed improvement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus after shunt surgery. J Neurosurg. 2019 Feb 8;132(3):733-740. doi: 10.3171/2018.10.JNS18701.
Budelier MM, Bateman RJ Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease. J Appl Lab Med. 2020 Jan 1;5(1):194-208. doi: 10.1373/jalm.2019.030080.
Rasmussen J, Langerman H Alzheimer's Disease - Why We Need Early Diagnosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 2019 Dec 24;9:123-130. doi: 10.2147/DNND.S228939. eCollection 2019.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
