Cognition — Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid Bound Omega-3's
Citation(s)
Antypa N, Smelt AH, Strengholt A, Van der Does AJ Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on mood and emotional information processing in recovered depressed individuals. J Psychopharmacol. 2012 May;26(5):738-43. doi: 10.1177/0269881111424928. Epub 2011 Oct 16.
Antypa N, Van der Does AJ, Smelt AH, Rogers RD Omega-3 fatty acids (fish-oil) and depression-related cognition in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Sep;23(7):831-40. doi: 10.1177/0269881108092120. Epub 2008 Jun 26.
Appleton KM, Rogers PJ, Ness AR Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):757-70. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28313. Epub 2010 Feb 3. Review.
Blasbalg TL, Hibbeln JR, Ramsden CE, Majchrzak SF, Rawlings RR Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 May;93(5):950-62. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006643. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
Bloch MH, Qawasmi A Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;50(10):991-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.06.008. Epub 2011 Aug 12. Review.
Conklin SM, Harris JI, Manuck SB, Yao JK, Hibbeln JR, Muldoon MF Serum omega-3 fatty acids are associated with variation in mood, personality and behavior in hypercholesterolemic community volunteers. Psychiatry Res. 2007 Jul 30;152(1):1-10. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
Connor KM, Davidson JR Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82.
de la Presa Owens S, Innis SM Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid prevent a decrease in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters in frontal cortex caused by a linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid deficient diet in formula-fed piglets. J Nutr. 1999 Nov;129(11):2088-93.
Hallahan B, Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Garland MR Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with recurrent self-harm. Single-centre double-blind randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Feb;190:118-22.
Hibbeln JR, Gow RV The potential for military diets to reduce depression, suicide, and impulsive aggression: a review of current evidence for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Mil Med. 2014 Nov;179(11 Suppl):117-28. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00153. Review.
Hibbeln JR, Linnoila M, Umhau JC, Rawlings R, George DT, Salem N Jr Essential fatty acids predict metabolites of serotonin and dopamine in cerebrospinal fluid among healthy control subjects, and early- and late-onset alcoholics. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Aug 15;44(4):235-42.
Hibbeln JR Fish consumption and major depression. Lancet. 1998 Apr 18;351(9110):1213.
Hibbeln JR Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers' milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross-national, ecological analysis. J Affect Disord. 2002 May;69(1-3):15-29.
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Andridge R, Malarkey WB, Glaser R Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Nov;25(8):1725-34. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.229. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
Kim HY, Spector AA, Xiong ZM A synaptogenic amide N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide promotes hippocampal development. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2011 Nov;96(1-4):114-20. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.07.002. Epub 2011 Jul 23. Review.
Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ; AHA Nutrition Committee American Heart Association. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: new recommendations from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Feb 1;23(2):151-2. Review.
Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Mehra MR, Ventura HO Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Aug 11;54(7):585-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.084. Review.
Lieberman HR, Tharion WJ, Shukitt-Hale B, Speckman KL, Tulley R Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during U.S. Navy SEAL training. Sea-Air-Land. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Nov;164(3):250-61. Epub 2002 Sep 5.
Martins JG EPA but not DHA appears to be responsible for the efficacy of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in depression: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Oct;28(5):525-42. Review.
McNamara RK, Carlson SE Role of omega-3 fatty acids in brain development and function: potential implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of psychopathology. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006 Oct-Nov;75(4-5):329-49. Epub 2006 Sep 1. Review.
Raskin R, Terry H A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 May;54(5):890-902.
Robinson JG, Ijioma N, Harris W Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function in women. Womens Health (Lond). 2010 Jan;6(1):119-34. doi: 10.2217/whe.09.75. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.