Cleft Lip and Palate — Three-dimensional Cleft Lip and Palate Morphology Prior to One-stage Cleft Repair
Citation(s)
Brudnicki A, Piwowar W, Cudzilo D, Sawicka E Complete unilateral cleft lip and palate operated on by means of the one-stage method - own experience. Dev Period Med. 2014;18(1):38-43.
Honigmann K One-stage closure of uni- and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996 Jun;34(3):214-9. doi: 10.1016/s0266-4356(96)90272-7.
IPDTOC Working Group Prevalence at birth of cleft lip with or without cleft palate: data from the International Perinatal Database of Typical Oral Clefts (IPDTOC). Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011 Jan;48(1):66-81. doi: 10.1597/09-217. Epub 2010 Apr 6.
Kozelj V Changes produced by presurgical orthopedic treatment before cheiloplasty in cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1999 Nov;36(6):515-21. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_1999_036_0515_cpbpot_2.3.co_2.
Kozelj V The basis for presurgical orthopedic treatment of infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2000 Jan;37(1):26-32. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_2000_037_0026_tbfpot_2.3.co_2.
Nalabothu P, Benitez BK, Dalstra M, Verna C, Mueller AA Three-Dimensional Morphological Changes of the True Cleft under Passive Presurgical Orthopaedics in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2020 Mar 31;9(4):962. doi: 10.3390/jcm9040962.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
