Lee TC, Lo LC, Wu FC Traditional Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Syndrome via TCM Pattern Differentiation: Tongue Diagnosis for Predictor. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:1971295. doi: 10.1155/2016/1971295. Epub 2016 May 25.
Lo LC, Chen YF, Chen WJ, Cheng TL, Chiang JY The Study on the Agreement between Automatic Tongue Diagnosis System and Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:505063. doi: 10.1155/2012/505063. Epub 2012 Au
Lo LC, Cheng TL, Chiang JY, Damdinsuren N Breast cancer index: a perspective on tongue diagnosis in traditional chinese medicine. J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Jul;3(3):194-203. doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.114901.
Lo LC, Chiang JY, Cheng TL, Shieh PS Visual agreement analyses of traditional chinese medicine: a multiple-dimensional scaling approach. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:516473. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
The Tongue Features Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
