Circumcision, Male — Study on the Protective Effect of a Flexible Sleeve Penis Protection Device on Penis After Circumcision
Citation(s)
Abara EO Prepuce health and childhood circumcision: Choices in Canada. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jan-Feb;11(1-2Suppl1):S55-S62. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.4447.
Mu J, Fan L, Liu D, Zhu D A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Four Types of Circumcision for Elderly Males with Redundant Prepuce. Urol J. 2020 May 16;17(3):301-305. doi: 10.22037/uj.v0i0.4973.
Soltany S, Ardestanizadeh A The study of the factors affecting the time of ring fall off in circumcision using Plastibell. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Jun 30;9(6):2736-2740. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1261_19. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
