Chronic Wounds — Genetic and Epigenetic Basis of Chronic Wounds
Citation(s)
Ai L, Kim WJ, Demircan B, Dyer LM, Bray KJ, Skehan RR, Massoll NA, Brown KD The transglutaminase 2 gene (TGM2), a potential molecular marker for chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, is epigenetically silenced in breast cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2008 Mar;29(3):510-8. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgm280. Epub 2008 Jan 3.
Chernov AV, Sounni NE, Remacle AG, Strongin AY Epigenetic control of the invasion-promoting MT1-MMP/MMP-2/TIMP-2 axis in cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 May 8;284(19):12727-34. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M900273200. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
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Mann J, Oakley F, Akiboye F, Elsharkawy A, Thorne AW, Mann DA Regulation of myofibroblast transdifferentiation by DNA methylation and MeCP2: implications for wound healing and fibrogenesis. Cell Death Differ. 2007 Feb;14(2):275-85. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401979. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
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Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
