Chronic Rhinitis — Posterior Nasal Nerve (PNN) Rhinitis Study
Citation(s)
Behrbohm H The Dual Character of Nasal Surgery. In: Behrbohm H, Tardy MEJ, eds. Essentials of Septorhinoplasty. Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme; 2004
Dahl R, Mygind N Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1998 Jan 5;29(1-2):3-12.
Geurkink N Nasal anatomy, physiology, and function. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1983 Aug;72(2):123-8. Review.
Greiner AN, Meltzer EO Overview of the treatment of allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinopathy. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2011 Mar;8(1):121-31. doi: 10.1513/pats.201004-033RN. Review.
Halderman A, Sindwani R Surgical management of vasomotor rhinitis: a systematic review. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015 Mar-Apr;29(2):128-34. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4141. Review.
Kirtane MV, Rajaram D, Merchant SN Transnasal approach to the vidian nerve: anatomical considerations. J Postgrad Med. 1984 Oct;30(4):210-3.
Quillen DM, Feller DB Diagnosing rhinitis: allergic vs. nonallergic. Am Fam Physician. 2006 May 1;73(9):1583-90. Review.
Rogers DF Airway goblet cells: responsive and adaptable front-line defenders. Eur Respir J. 1994 Sep;7(9):1690-706. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
