Edelen MO, Rodriguez A, Herman P, Hays RD Crosswalking the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Pain Intensity Scores to the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability
Hays RD, Orlando Edelen M, Rodriguez A, Herman P Support for the Reliability and Validity of the National Institutes of Health Impact Stratification Score in a Sample of Active-Duty U.S. Military Personnel with Low Back Pain. Pain Med. 2021 Oct 8;22(10):
Hays RD, Slaughter M, Rodriguez A, Edelen MO, Herman PM Analyses of Cross-Sectional Data to Link the PEG With the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS) Global Physical Health Scale. J Pain. 2022 Nov;23(11):1904-1911. doi:
Hays RD, Slaughter ME, Spritzer KL, Herman PM Assessing the Significance of Individual Change in 2 Samples of Patients in Treatment for Low Back Pain Using 5 Different Statistical Indicators. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Nov-Dec;44(9):699-706. doi:
Herman PM, Edelen MO, Rodriguez A, Hilton LG, Hays RD A protocol for chronic pain outcome measurement enhancement by linking PROMIS-29 scale to legacy measures and improving chronic pain stratification. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020 Oct 10;21(1):671. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03696-2.
Hilton LG, Coulter ID, Ryan GW, Hays RD Comparing the Recruitment of Research Participants With Chronic Low Back Pain Using Amazon Mechanical Turk With the Recruitment of Patients From Chiropractic Clinics: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Manipulative Phys
Rodriguez A, Edelen MO, Herman PM, Hays RD Unpacking the impact of chronic pain as measured by the impact stratification score. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Sep 23;23(1):884. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05834-4.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
