Chronic Pain — Does Intraoperative Methadone Prevent Postoperative Pain in Bariatric Surgery?
Citation(s)
Chui PT, Gin T A double-blind randomised trial comparing postoperative analgesia after perioperative loading doses of methadone or morphine. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1992 Feb;20(1):46-51.
Gottschalk A, Durieux ME, Nemergut EC Intraoperative methadone improves postoperative pain control in patients undergoing complex spine surgery. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jan;112(1):218-23. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d8a095.
Gourlay GK, Willis RJ, Wilson PR Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology. 1984 Jul;61(1):19-26.
Gourlay GK, Wilson PR, Glynn CJ Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Feb 27;284(6316):630-1.
Inturrisi CE Pharmacology of methadone and its isomers. Minerva Anestesiol. 2005 Jul-Aug;71(7-8):435-7. Review.
Kharasch ED Intraoperative methadone: rediscovery, reappraisal, and reinvigoration? Anesth Analg. 2011 Jan;112(1):13-6. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181fec9a3.
Richlin DM, Reuben SS Postoperative pain control with methadone following lower abdominal surgery. J Clin Anesth. 1991 Mar-Apr;3(2):112-6.
Toombs JD, Kral LA Methadone treatment for pain states. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Apr 1;71(7):1353-8. Review.
Udelsmann A, Maciel FG, Servian DC, Reis E, de Azevedo TM, Melo Mde S Methadone and morphine during anesthesia induction for cardiac surgery. Repercussion in postoperative analgesia and prevalence of nausea and vomiting. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;61(6):695-701. doi: 10.1016/S0034-7094(11)70078-2. English, Multiple languages.
Does Intraoperative Methadone Prevent Postoperative Pain in Bariatric Surgery?
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
