Chronic Pain — Physical Exercise, Motor Activity and Post-mastectomy Pain Syndrome.
Citation(s)
Ambrose KR, Golightly YM Physical exercise as non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain: Why and when. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Feb;29(1):120-30. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.022. Epub 2015 May 23.
Classification of chronic pain Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Prepared by the International Association for the Study of Pain, Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Pain Suppl. 1986;3:S1-226. No abstract available.
Kaushik AS, Strath LJ, Sorge RE Dietary Interventions for Treatment of Chronic Pain: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Pain Ther. 2020 Dec;9(2):487-498. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00200-5. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Schug SA, Bruce J Risk stratification for the development of chronic postsurgical pain. Pain Rep. 2017 Oct 31;2(6):e627. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000627. eCollection 2017 Nov.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
