Chronic Pain — IPRP Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
Citation(s)
Bornhövd K, Quante M, Glauche V, Bromm B, Weiller C, Büchel C Painful stimuli evoke different stimulus-response functions in the amygdala, prefrontal, insula and somatosensory cortex: a single-trial fMRI study. Brain. 2002 Jun;125(Pt 6):1326-36.
Eccleston C, Palermo TM, Williams AC, Lewandowski Holley A, Morley S, Fisher E, Law E Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 May 5;(5):CD003968. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003968.pub4. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 29;9:CD003968.
Fearon P, Hotopf M Relation between headache in childhood and physical and psychiatric symptoms in adulthood: national birth cohort study. BMJ. 2001 May 12;322(7295):1145.
Fox MD, Liu H, Pascual-Leone A Identification of reproducible individualized targets for treatment of depression with TMS based on intrinsic connectivity. Neuroimage. 2013 Feb 1;66:151-60. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.082. Epub 2012 Nov 7.
Garvey MA, Gilbert DL Transcranial magnetic stimulation in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2004;8(1):7-19. Review.
Hogan ME, Taddio A, Katz J, Shah V, Krahn M Incremental health care costs for chronic pain in Ontario, Canada: a population-based matched cohort study of adolescents and adults using administrative data. Pain. 2016 Aug;157(8):1626-33. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000561.
Hurtubise K, Blais S, Noel M, Brousselle A, Dallaire F, Rasic N, Camden C Is It Worth It? A Comparison of an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment and a Multimodal Treatment for Youths With Pain-related Disability. Clin J Pain. 2020 Nov;36(11):833-844. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000869.
O'Reilly RC The What and How of prefrontal cortical organization. Trends Neurosci. 2010 Aug;33(8):355-61. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2010.05.002. Epub 2010 Jun 22.
Seminowicz DA, Moayedi M The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Acute and Chronic Pain. J Pain. 2017 Sep;18(9):1027-1035. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.03.008. Epub 2017 Apr 8. Review.
Vinall J, Pavlova M, Asmundson GJ, Rasic N, Noel M Mental Health Comorbidities in Pediatric Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Models, Neurobiological Mechanisms and Treatment. Children (Basel). 2016 Dec 2;3(4). pii: E40. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
