Chronic Pain — Evaluation of the Effects of Virtual Reality in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain
Citation(s)
Borisut S, Vongsirinavarat M, Vachalathiti R, Sakulsriprasert P Effects of strength and endurance training of superficial and deep neck muscles on muscle activities and pain levels of females with chronic neck pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Sep;25(9):1157-62. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.1157. Epub 2013 Oct 20.
Kim JY, Kwag KI Clinical effects of deep cervical flexor muscle activation in patients with chronic neck pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jan;28(1):269-73. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.269. Epub 2016 Jan 30.
Rudolfsson T, Djupsjöbacka M, Häger C, Björklund M Effects of neck coordination exercise on sensorimotor function in chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2014 Oct;46(9):908-14. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1869.
Sarig Bahat H, Sprecher E, Sela I, Treleaven J Neck motion kinematics: an inter-tester reliability study using an interactive neck VR assessment in asymptomatic individuals. Eur Spine J. 2016 Jul;25(7):2139-48. doi: 10.1007/s00586-016-4388-5. Epub 2016 Jan 30.
Sarig Bahat H, Takasaki H, Chen X, Bet-Or Y, Treleaven J Cervical kinematic training with and without interactive VR training for chronic neck pain - a randomized clinical trial. Man Ther. 2015 Feb;20(1):68-78. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2014.06.008. Epub 2014 Jul 5.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
