Chronic Pain — Lidocaine Infusion for Pain After Herniotomy
Citation(s)
Aasvang E, Kehlet H Chronic postoperative pain: the case of inguinal herniorrhaphy. Br J Anaesth. 2005 Jul;95(1):69-76. Epub 2004 Nov 5. Review.
Bailey M, Corcoran T, Schug S, Toner A Perioperative lidocaine infusions for the prevention of chronic postsurgical pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety. Pain. 2018 Sep;159(9):1696-1704. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001273.
Wang JL, Zhang WJ, Gao M, Zhang S, Tian DH, Chen J A cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2: Chinese version in patients with chronic visceral pain. J Pain Res. 2017 Jan 5;10:121-128. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S116997. eCollection 2017.
Lidocaine Infusion for Pain After Herniotomy (LIPAH), A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial (LIPAH Trial)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
