Clark ME, Hooten WM, Sanders SH Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation: current challenges and future opportunities. Pain Med. 2011 Jan;12(1):152-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.01034.x. Erratum in: Pain Med. 2011 Mar;12(3):534. Clark, Michael E [added];
Clark ME, Scholten JD, Walker RL, Gironda RJ Assessment and treatment of pain associated with combat-related polytrauma. Pain Med. 2009 Apr;10(3):456-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00589.x. Review.
Clark ME, Walker RL, Gironda RJ, Scholten JD Comparison of pain and emotional symptoms in soldiers with polytrauma: unique aspects of blast exposure. Pain Med. 2009 Apr;10(3):447-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00590.x. Review.
Clark ME Cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary pain treatment: are we there yet? Pain Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;10(5):778-9.
Walker RL, Clark ME, Sanders SH The Postdeployment multi-symptom disorder: An emerging syndrome in need of a new treatment paradigm. Psychological Services. 2010 Aug 1; 7(3):136-147.
Pain, Psychiatric Disorders, and Disability Among Veterans With and Without Polytrauma
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
