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Citation(s)

  •   1
    Wall PD. The prevention of postoperative pain. Pain 1988; 33: 289-90. 2. Katz J. George Washington Crile, anoci-association, and preemptive analgesia. Pain 1993;53: 243-5. 3. McQual HJ. Pre-emptive analgesia. Br J Anaesth 1992;69: 1-3. 4. Moiniche S, Kehlet H, Dahl JB. A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain relief: the role of timing of analgesia. Anesthesiology 2002;96: 725-41. 5. Katz J. Pre-emptive analgesia: evidence, current status and future directions. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 995;10:8-13. 6. Katz J, McCartney CJ. Update on pre-emptive analgesia. Curr Opin Anesthesiol 2002; 15: 435-41. 7. McCartney et al. A qualitative systematic review of the role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonists in preventative analgesia. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: 1385-1400. 8. Wu CT, Yeh CC, Yu JC, et al. Pre-incisional epidural ketamine, morphine and bupivacaine combined with epidural and general anesthesia provides pre-emptive analgesia for upper abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000;44: 63-8.

Intra-operative Ketamine Infusions in Patients With Chronic Lower Back Discomfort Undergoing Laminectomies.

Details for clinical trial NCT00899600