Chronic Heart Failure — Integrated Cardiac Care and Palliative Homecare for Patients With Severe Heart Failure
Citation(s)
Brännström M, Brulin C, Norberg A, Boman K, Strandberg G (2005) Being a palliative nurse for persons with severe congestive heart failure in advanced homecare. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2005;4 (4):314-323. Brännström M, Ekman I, Norberg A, Boman K, Strandberg G. Living with severe chronic heart failure in palliative advanced home care. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2006;5(4):295-302. Brännström M, Ekman I, Boman K, Strandberg G. Being a close relative of a person with severe chronic heart failure in palliative advanced home care - a comfort but also a strain. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2007;21(3):338-344 . Brännström M, Ekman I, Boman K, Strandberg G. Narratives of a man with severe chronic heart failure and his wife in palliative advanced home care over a 4.5-year period. Contemporary Nurse, 2007;27(2):10-22. Brännström M, Björck M, Strandberg G, Wanhainen A. Patients' experiences of being informed about having an abdominal aortic aneurysm - A follow-up case study five years after screening. Journal of Vascular Nursing, 2009;27(3):70-4. Lundman B, Brännström M, Hägglund L, Strandberg G. Fatigue in elderly with chronic heart failure: an under-recognized symptom. Aging Health, 2009;5,(5):619-624. Kristofferzon ML, Johansson I, Brännström M, Arenhall E, Baigi A Brunt D, Fridlund B, Nilsson U, Persson S, Rask M, Wieslander I, Ivarsson B and the SAMMI-study group. Evaluation of a Swedish version of the Watts Sexual Function Questionnaire (WSFQ) in persons with heart disease: A pilot study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2010;9(3):168-174 Brännström M, Forssell A, Pettersson B. Physicians' experiences of palliative care for heart failure patients. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2011;10(1):64-69.
Integrated Cardiac Care and Palliative Homecare for Patients With Severe Heart Failure
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
