Child — Glass Ionomer Sealant Versus Fluoride Varnish on Occlusal Caries Prevention
Citation(s)
Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Forss H, Hiiri A, Nordblad A, Mäkelä M Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 18;(1):CD003067. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003067.pub4. Review.
Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Hiiri A, Nordblad A, Worthington H, Mäkelä M Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD001830. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD001830.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2013 Sep-Oct;35(5):E157-64.
Marinho VC Cochrane reviews of randomized trials of fluoride therapies for preventing dental caries. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009 Sep;10(3):183-91. Review.
Glass Ionomer Sealant Versus Fluoride Varnish Application to Prevent Occlusal Caries Among Preschool Children - a Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
