Chest Trauma — Role of HVNI in Severe Chest Trauma
Citation(s)
Abdalla W, Elgendy M, Abdelaziz AA, Ammar MA Lung ultrasound versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax in critically ill patients: A prospective, single-blind study. Saudi J Anaesth. 2016 Jul-Sep;10(3):265-9. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.174906.
Easter A Management of patients with multiple rib fractures. Am J Crit Care. 2001 Sep;10(5):320-7; quiz 328-9.
Helviz Y, Einav S A Systematic Review of the High-flow Nasal Cannula for Adult Patients. Crit Care. 2018 Mar 20;22(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-1990-4.
Karim A, Arora VK Applications of ultrasonography in respiratory intensive care. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2014 Jan-Mar;56(1):27-31.
McGillicuddy D, Rosen P Diagnostic dilemmas and current controversies in blunt chest trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007 Aug;25(3):695-711, viii-ix. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2007.06.004.
Nishimura M High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults. J Intensive Care. 2015 Mar 31;3(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40560-015-0084-5. eCollection 2015.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
