Cesarean Section — Effect of Lactation Management Model on Breastfeeding Process
Citation(s)
ACOG Committee Opinion No 761: Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jan;133(1):e73-e77. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003006.
Anderson L, Kynoch K, Kildea S Effectiveness of breast massage in the treatment of women with breastfeeding problems: a systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2016 Aug;14(8):19-25. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003058.
Becker GE, Smith HA, Cooney F Methods of milk expression for lactating women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 29;9:CD006170. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006170.pub5. Review.
Esencan YT, et al Type of delivery, time of initial breastfeeding, and skin-to-skin contact of pregnant women participating in childbirth preparation education. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2018; 26(1): 31-43.
Hobbs AJ, Mannion CA, McDonald SW, Brockway M, Tough SC The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Apr 26;16:90. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0876-1.
Effect of Lactation Management Model on Breastfeeding Process After Cesarean
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
