Cesarean Section Complications — Filling of the Urinary Bladder During Difficult Cesarean Section
Citation(s)
Abdel-Aleem H, Aboelnasr MF, Jayousi TM, Habib FA Indwelling bladder catheterisation as part of intraoperative and postoperative care for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Apr 11;(4):CD010322. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010322.pub2. Review.
Özcan HÇ, Balat Ö, Ugur MG, Sucu S, Tepe NB, Kazaz TG Use of Bladder Filling to Prevent Urinary System Complications in the Management of Placenta Percreta: a Randomized Prospective Study. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2018 Feb;78(2):173-178. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-100039. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
Pandey D, Mehta S, Grover A, Goel N Indwelling Catheterization in Caesarean Section: Time To Retire It! J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Sep;9(9):QC01-4. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13495.6415. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Salman L, Aharony S, Shmueli A, Wiznitzer A, Chen R, Gabbay-Benziv R Urinary bladder injury during cesarean delivery: Maternal outcome from a contemporary large case series. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017 Jun;213:26-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
Senanayake H Elective cesarean section without urethral catheterization. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2005 Feb;31(1):32-7.
Filling of the Urinary Bladder During Difficult Cesarean Section
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.