Boyles R, Toy P, Mellon J Jr, Hayes M, Hammer B Effectiveness of manual physical therapy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review. J Man Manip Ther. 2011 Aug;19(3):135-42. doi: 10.1179/2042618611Y.0000000011.
Cleland JA, Childs JD, Whitman JM Psychometric properties of the Neck Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with mechanical neck pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jan;89(1):69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.126.
Cleland JA, Fritz JM, Whitman JM, Palmer JA The reliability and construct validity of the Neck Disability Index and patient specific functional scale in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Mar 1;31(5):598-602.
Jull, G , Sterling, M., Falla, D., Treleaven, J. & O'Leary, S. 2008. Whiplash, Headache and Neck Pain. Research-based directions for physical therapists., Churchill Livingstone.
Langevin P, Desmeules F, Lamothe M, Robitaille S, Roy JS Comparison of 2 manual therapy and exercise protocols for cervical radiculopathy: a randomized clinical trial evaluating short-term effects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Jan;45(1):4-17. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2015.5211.
Nee RJ, Vicenzino B, Jull GA, Cleland JA, Coppieters MW Neural tissue management provides immediate clinically relevant benefits without harmful effects for patients with nerve-related neck and arm pain: a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2012;58(1):23-31. doi: 10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70069-3.
Vicenzino B, Neal R, Collins D, Wright A The displacement, velocity and frequency profile of the frontal plane motion produced by the cervical lateral glide treatment technique. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1999 Oct;14(8):515-21.
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Multimodal Physiotherapy for Patients With Acute / Sub-acute Cervical Radiculopathy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
