Cervical Pain — Cervical Pain and Exercise in Musicians
Citation(s)
Ackermann B, Driscoll T, Kenny DT Musculoskeletal pain and injury in professional orchestral musicians in Australia. Med Probl Perform Art. 2012 Dec;27(4):181-7.
Chan C, Driscoll T, Ackermann B Development of a specific exercise programme for professional orchestral musicians. Inj Prev. 2013 Aug;19(4):257-63. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040608. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
Kuo YL, Lee TH, Tsai YJ Evaluation of a Cervical Stabilization Exercise Program for Pain, Disability, and Physical Impairments in University Violinists with Nonspecific Neck Pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 28;17(15). pii: E5430. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155430.
Effectiveness of the Selected Exercise Program on Non-specific Cervical Pain in Ney and Violin Performers
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
