Cervical Cancer — Evaluation of Vaginal Dose in Cervical Cancer Patients Treated With Radiotherapy
Citation(s)
Fidarova EF, Berger D, Schüssler S, Dimopoulos J, Kirisits C, Georg P, Bachtiary B, Pötter R Dose volume parameter D2cc does not correlate with vaginal side effects in individual patients with cervical cancer treated within a defined treatment protocol with very high brachytherapy doses. Radiother Oncol. 2010 Oct;97(1):76-9. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.05.005. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
Susko M, Craciunescu O, Meltsner S, Yang Y, Steffey B, Cai J, Chino J Vaginal Dose Is Associated With Toxicity in Image Guided Tandem Ring or Ovoid-Based Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 Apr 1;94(5):1099-105. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.360. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
