Cerebral Palsy — Bimanual Training in Children With Hemiplegia
Citation(s)
Charles J, Gordon AM Development of hand-arm bimanual intensive training (HABIT) for improving bimanual coordination in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Nov;48(11):931-6. Review.
Gordon AM, Chinnan A, Gill S, Petra E, Hung YC, Charles J Both constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual training lead to improved performance of upper extremity function in children with hemiplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Dec;50(12):957-8.
Gordon AM, Schneider JA, Chinnan A, Charles JR Efficacy of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized control trial. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Nov;49(11):830-8.
Gordon AM Two hands are better than one: bimanual skill development in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010 Apr;52(4):315-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03390.x. Epub 2009 Oct 7.
Hung YC, Casertano L, Hillman A, Gordon AM The effect of intensive bimanual training on coordination of the hands in children with congenital hemiplegia. Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Nov-Dec;32(6):2724-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.038. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy (HABIT)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
