Cauda Equina Syndrome — Brief ES for Recovery of Autonomic Function in CES
Citation(s)
Al-Majed AA, Neumann CM, Brushart TM, Gordon T Brief electrical stimulation promotes the speed and accuracy of motor axonal regeneration. J Neurosci. 2000 Apr 1;20(7):2602-8. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02602.2000.
Gordon T, Amirjani N, Edwards DC, Chan KM Brief post-surgical electrical stimulation accelerates axon regeneration and muscle reinnervation without affecting the functional measures in carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Exp Neurol. 2010 May;223(1):192-202. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.09.020. Epub 2009 Oct 1.
Juckett L, Saffari TM, Ormseth B, Senger JL, Moore AM The Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Nerve Regeneration Following Peripheral Nerve Injury. Biomolecules. 2022 Dec 12;12(12):1856. doi: 10.3390/biom12121856.
Power HA, Morhart MJ, Olson JL, Chan KM Postsurgical Electrical Stimulation Enhances Recovery Following Surgery for Severe Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurosurgery. 2020 Jun 1;86(6):769-777. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyz322.
Rascon-Ramirez FJ Spinal cord stimulation and cauda equina syndrome: Could it be a valid option? A report of two cases. Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed). 2021 Feb 5:S1130-1473(21)00003-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neucir.2020.12.002. Online ahead of print. English, Spanish.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
