Cataract — Steroid vs. Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Diabetic Macular Edema Prior to Phacoemulsification
Citation(s)
Calvo P, Ferreras A, Al Adel F, Dangboon W, Brent MH EFFECT OF AN INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT ON DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA AFTER CATARACT SURGERY. Retina. 2018 Mar;38(3):490-496. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001552.
Dong N, Xu B, Wang B, Chu L, Tang X Aqueous cytokines as predictors of macular edema in patients with diabetes following uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:126984. doi: 10.1155/2015/126984. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
Ferguson VM, Spalton DJ Continued breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier following cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992 Aug;76(8):453-6.
Hartnett ME, Tinkham N, Paynter L, Geisen P, Rosenberg P, Koch G, Cohen KL Aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor as a predictor of macular thickening following cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Dec;148(6):895-901.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.07.014. Epub 2009 Oct 17.
Lim LL, Morrison JL, Constantinou M, Rogers S, Sandhu SS, Wickremasinghe SS, Kawasaki R, Al-Qureshi S Diabetic Macular Edema at the time of Cataract Surgery trial: a prospective, randomized clinical trial of intravitreous bevacizumab versus triamcinolone in patients with diabetic macular oedema at the time of cataract surgery - preliminary 6 month results. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016 May;44(4):233-42. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12720. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
Patel JI, Hykin PG, Cree IA Diabetic cataract removal: postoperative progression of maculopathy--growth factor and clinical analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jun;90(6):697-701. Epub 2006 Mar 15.
Yumusak E, Örnek K Comparison of Perioperative Ranibizumab Injections for Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery. J Ophthalmol. 2016;2016:7945619. doi: 10.1155/2016/7945619. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
Steroid vs. Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Diabetic Macular Edema Prior to Phacoemulsification
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
