Cataract — Visual Outcomes After Implantation of a New Multifocal Intraocular Lens
Citation(s)
Alió JL, Piñero DP, Tomás J, Plaza AB Vector analysis of astigmatic changes after cataract surgery with implantation of a new toric multifocal intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011 Jul;37(7):1217-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.12.064.
Mojzis P, Piñero DP, Studeny P, Tomás J, Korda V, Plaza AB, Alió JL Comparative analysis of clinical outcomes obtained with a new diffractive multifocal toric intraocular lens implanted through two types of corneal incision. J Refract Surg. 2011 Sep;27(9):648-57. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20110506-01. Epub 2011 May 20.
Visser N, Nuijts RM, de Vries NE, Bauer NJ Visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after cataract surgery with toric multifocal intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011 Nov;37(11):2034-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.05.041. Epub 2011 S
Visual Outcomes After Implantation of a New Refractive Toric Multifocal Intraocular Lens
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
