Brittberg M, Peterson L, Sjogren-Jansson E, Tallheden T, Lindahl A Articular cartilage engineering with autologous chondrocyte transplantation. A review of recent developments. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A Suppl 3:109-15. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200300003-00017. No abstract available.
Massen FK, Inauen CR, Harder LP, Runer A, Preiss S, Salzmann GM One-Step Autologous Minced Cartilage Procedure for the Treatment of Knee Joint Chondral and Osteochondral Lesions: A Series of 27 Patients With 2-Year Follow-up. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019 Jun 13;7(6):2325967119853773. doi: 10.1177/2325967119853773. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Na Y, Shi Y, Liu W, Jia Y, Kong L, Zhang T, Han C, Ren Y Is implantation of autologous chondrocytes superior to microfracture for articular-cartilage defects of the knee? A systematic review of 5-year follow-up data. Int J Surg. 2019 Aug;68:56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.06.007. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
All Autologous Cartilage Regeneration in the Treatment of the Knee Cartilage Defects: Pilot Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
