Cardiovascular Diseases — Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY)
Citation(s)
Botti TP, Amin H, Hiltscher L, Wissler RW A comparison of the quantitation of macrophage foam cell populations and the extent of apolipoprotein E deposition in developing atherosclerotic lesions in young people: high and low serum thiocyanate groups as an indication of smoking. PDAY Research Group. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Atherosclerosis. 1996 Aug 2;124(2):191-202.
Cohen HW, Sloop GD; PDAY Study Glucose interaction magnifies atherosclerotic risk from cholesterol. Findings from the PDAY Study. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Jan;172(1):115-20.
Cornhill JF, Herderick EE, Vince DG The clinical morphology of human atherosclerotic lesions. Lessons from the PDAY Study. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1995;107(18):540-3.
Hixson JE, McMahan CA, McGill HC Jr, Strong JP Apo B insertion/deletion polymorphisms are associated with atherosclerosis in young black but not young white males. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Sep;12(9):1023-9.
Hixson JE Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms affect atherosclerosis in young males. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 Sep-Oct;11(5):1237-44.
Komatsu A, Sakurai I A study of the development of atherosclerosis in childhood and young adults: risk factors and the prevention of progression in Japan and the USA. The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Pathol Int. 1996 Aug;46(8):541-7. Review.
Kühn H, Heydeck D, Hugou I, Gniwotta C In vivo action of 15-lipoxygenase in early stages of human atherogenesis. J Clin Invest. 1997 Mar 1;99(5):888-93.
Malcom GT, Oalmann MC, Strong JP Risk factors for atherosclerosis in young subjects: the PDAY Study. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 May 28;817:179-88. Review.
McGill HC Jr, McMahan CA, Herderick EE, Tracy RE, Malcom GT, Zieske AW, Strong JP Effects of coronary heart disease risk factors on atherosclerosis of selected regions of the aorta and right coronary artery. PDAY Research Group. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Mar;20(3):836-45.
McGill HC Jr, McMahan CA, Malcom GT, Oalmann MC, Strong JP Effects of serum lipoproteins and smoking on atherosclerosis in young men and women. The PDAY Research Group. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Jan;17(1):95-106.
McGill HC Jr, McMahan CA, Malcom GT, Oalmann MC, Strong JP Relation of glycohemoglobin and adiposity to atherosclerosis in youth. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1995 Apr;15(4):431-40.
McGill HC Jr, McMahan CA, Tracy RE, Oalmann MC, Cornhill JF, Herderick EE, Strong JP Relation of a postmortem renal index of hypertension to atherosclerosis and coronary artery size in young men and women. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):1108-18.
McGill HC Jr, McMahan CA Determinants of atherosclerosis in the young. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Nov 26;82(10B):30T-36T. Review.
McGill HC Jr, Strong JP, Tracy RE, McMahan CA, Oalmann MC Relation of a postmortem renal index of hypertension to atherosclerosis in youth. The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1995 Dec;15(12):2222-8.
Millonig G, Malcom GT, Wick G Early inflammatory-immunological lesions in juvenile atherosclerosis from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY)-study. Atherosclerosis. 2002 Feb;160(2):441-8.
Rainwater DL, McMahan CA, Malcom GT, Scheer WD, Roheim PS, McGill HC Jr, Strong JP Lipid and apolipoprotein predictors of atherosclerosis in youth: apolipoprotein concentrations do not materially improve prediction of arterial lesions in PDAY subjects. The PDAY Research Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 Mar;19(3):753-61.
Scanlon CE, Berger B, Malcom G, Wissler RW Evidence for more extensive deposits of epitopes of oxidized low density lipoprotein in aortas of young people with elevated serum thiocyanate levels. PDAY Research Group. Atherosclerosis. 1996 Mar;121(1):23-33.
Sloop GD, Perret RS, Brahney JS, Oalmann M A description of two morphologic patterns of aortic fatty streaks, and a hypothesis of their pathogenesis. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Nov;141(1):153-60.
Strong JP, Malcom GT, Newman WP 3rd, Oalmann MC Early lesions of atherosclerosis in childhood and youth: natural history and risk factors. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992 Jun;11 Suppl:51S-54S. Review.
Strong JP, Malcom GT, Oalmann MC, Wissler RW The PDAY Study: natural history, risk factors, and pathobiology. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Apr 15;811:226-35; discussion 235-7. Review.
Strong JP, Malcom GT, Oalmann MC Environmental and genetic risk factors in early human atherogenesis: lessons from the PDAY study. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Pathol Int. 1995 Jun;45(6):403-8. Review.
Strong JP, Zieske AW, Malcom GT Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in children: an early marriage? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001 Oct;11 Suppl 5:16-22. Review.
Strong JP Natural history and risk factors for early human atherogenesis. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Clin Chem. 1995 Jan;41(1):134-8. Review.
Wissler RW, Group PD Atheroarteritis: a combined immunological and lipid imbalance. Int J Cardiol. 1996 Aug;54 Suppl:S37-49. Review.
Wissler RW, Strong JP Risk factors and progression of atherosclerosis in youth. PDAY Research Group. Pathological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Am J Pathol. 1998 Oct;153(4):1023-33. Review.
Wissler RW, Vesselinovitch D, Komatsu A The contribution of studies of atherosclerotic lesions in young people to future research. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;598:418-34.
Wissler RW, Vesselinovitch D An update on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (principles of prevention, intervention, retardation, and regression). Hawaii Med J. 1990 Jul;49(7):237-40, 261.
Wissler RW An overview of the quantitative influence of several risk factors on progression of atherosclerosis in young people in the United States. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Am J Med Sci. 1995 Dec;310 Suppl 1:S29-36. Review.
Wissler RW New insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as revealed by PDAY. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Atherosclerosis. 1994 Aug;108 Suppl:S3-20.
Wissler RW Theories and new horizons in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms of clinical effects. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1992 Dec;116(12):1281-91. Review.
Wissler RW Update on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Am J Med. 1991 Jul 31;91(1B):3S-9S. Review.
Wissler RW USA Multicenter Study of the pathobiology of atherosclerosis in youth. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;623:26-39.
Zieske AW, Malcom GT, Strong JP Natural history and risk factors of atherosclerosis in children and youth: the PDAY study. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med. 2002 Mar-Apr;21(2):213-37. Review.
Zieske AW, Malcom GT, Strong JP Pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth (PDAY) cardiovascular specimen and data library. J La State Med Soc. 2000 Jun;152(6):296-301.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.